Calorie (cal)
The calorie (cal) originated in the 19th century as a unit for quantifying heat energy. It was initially defined as the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius under standard atmospheric pressure. The calorie gained popularity in fields such as chemistry, physics, and nutrition. Despite not being an official SI unit, it remains prevalent on nutritional labels and in dietary contexts, particularly in the United States and Europe. Before the widespread adoption of the joule, the calorie played a significant role in standardizing energy measurements related to food and biological systems.
Electronvolt (eV)
The electronvolt, symbolized as eV, is primarily used in atomic, nuclear, and particle physics. It is the energy gained by an electron moving through a one-volt potential. The electronvolt enables scientists to measure very small energy changes at the atomic scale. Introduced in the early 20th century, it is standard for describing energy in atoms, photons, and particles. The electronvolt adds the necessary precision in modern physics and works in conjunction with larger units, such as joules and kilojoules.